Types of Contraception

‘Contraception’ means the deliberate prevention of pregnancy. This is different from practising safe sex, which also includes protecting yourself and others from sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

There are a variety of contraceptive methods, and all methods have certain side effects and risks. Talk to your doctor about the method that’s best for you. Below is a brief overview of what is presently available.

This can help if:

you’re not sure what contraception is or how it works
you’re having sex and don’t want to get pregnant
you’re thinking of having sex for the first time.

What is contraception?

‘Contraception’ means using an intervention when having sexual intercourse to avoid getting pregnant. Contraception includes things like using a condom, being on the contraceptive pill, or having a hormonal contraceptive device implanted. Another common term for contraception is ‘birth control’.

Remember that contraception isn’t the same thing as practising safe sex. Practising safe sex is about stopping the spread of STIs; ‘contraception’ refers only to preventing pregnancy.

TYPES OF CONTRACEPTION

Hormonal contraception

Hormones are absorbed into the body by the female partner and prevent her from becoming pregnant. All the hormonal methods listed below require a prescription from a health professional or a pharmacist (for the Emergency pill) and none of them protect either person from STIs.

Combined oral contraception (‘The pill’)

Prevents the release (ovulation) of an egg (ovum), so there is nothing for a male sperm to fertilise.
You need to take one pill at the same time every day.
It can affect your mood.

Progestogen-only pills (‘The mini-pill’)

Thickens the mucus at the cervix, which makes it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus.
You need to take one pill every day.
It can affect your mood.

Vaginal ring

Prevents the release (ovulation) of an egg (ovum), so there is nothing for male sperm to fertilise.
You need to replace the ring every three weeks.

Implant eg Implanon

Prevents the release (ovulation) of an egg (ovum), so there is nothing for a male sperm to fertilise.
You need to get a new implant inserted into your upper arm every three years.
It must be inserted and removed by a doctor and can cause continuous bleeding (like a non-stop period).

Injections eg Depo-Provera

Prevents the release (ovulation) of an egg (ovum), so there is nothing for a male sperm to fertilise.
You need to get a hormone injection every three months.
It can cause changes in mood.

Intra-uterine device (IUD) – hormonal (eg Mirena can also be used for heavy menstrual bleeding)

Thickens the mucus at the cervix, which makes it difficult for the sperm to enter the uterus.
You need to get a replacement IUD every five years.
It can cause bleeding and mood changes.

Intra-uterine device (IUD) - copper eg Multiload

It causes the uterus to inflame and prevents sperm from being able to fertilise an egg.
You need to get a replacement copper IUD every five to ten years depending on brand.
It can cause bleeding and mood changes.

Emergency contraceptive pill

Prevents the fertilization or implantation of an egg in the uterus after unprotected sex has occurred.
If taken within 72 hours after sex, it is 80-90% effective.
Effectiveness decreases with each day.
It can be bought without seeing a doctor (at a pharmacy)

Barrier methods

Barrier methods of contraception use physical devices to prevent the sperm from entering the uterus.

Condom

Latex tube covers the penis during sex and prevents sperm from entering the partner’s body.
You need to use a new condom each time you have sex.
Protects both partners from STIs.

Female condom

A female condom and diaphragm are placed inside the woman’s vagina before sex to prevent sperm from entering the vagina.
You need to use a new female condom each time you have sex.
Protects both partners from STIs.

Diaphragm

Placed inside the vagina before sex to prevent sperm from moving from the vagina into the uterus, where fertilisation occurs.
Spermicide also kills sperm in semen.
You need to use a diaphragm each time you have sex.
It doesn’t protect either person from STIs.
It requires a prescription from a health professional.

Where can I get contraception from?

Condoms for men can be bought over the counter (OTC) from most supermarkets, service stations, pharmacies or convenience stores. Condoms for women can be bought at chemist shops. The morning after pill is available from pharmacies without a prescription. Non-OTC forms of contraception (the pill, diaphragm, mirena) need to be accessed through a health professional eg general practitioner, family planning centres.

What can I do now?

Make an appointment with your doctor to discuss which contraception is right for you – discussing advantages and disadvantages for you, costs of each
Follow instructions on use of any contraception you choose.